An Ethernet splitter is a simple device that divides a single Ethernet connection into two. It's cost-effective and easy to use, making it suitable for basic setups. However, splitters share bandwidth between devices, which can lead to slower speeds and limited scalability.
On the other hand, an Ethernet switch connects multiple devices to your network, managing data traffic efficiently. It provides dedicated bandwidth to each device, ensuring faster speeds and better performance. Switches are ideal for larger networks and offer features like Quality of Service (QoS) and VLAN support. Explore our high-speed Ethernet cables for robust network setups to complement your switch.
This blog will explore the differences between Ethernet splitters and switches, helping you decide based on your needs. Keep reading to learn more.
What Is an Ethernet Splitter?
An Ethernet splitter is a small, simple device that divides a single Ethernet cable into two separate connections. Think of it as a Y-shaped adapter for your Ethernet cable. Unlike more complex networking equipment, Ethernet splitters are passive devices that do not require power to work. To ensure reliable connections, consider using our Cat6 patch cords with your splitter setup.
When you look at a LAN splitter, you'll notice it has one Ethernet port on one side and two on the other. This design allows you to use a single wall outlet or router port to connect two devices instead of just one.
How Do Ethernet Splitters Work?
Ethernet splitters take advantage of unused wire pairs in standard Ethernet cables. According to TIA/EIA-568 standards, Cat5e and 100ft Cat6 cables contain eight wires arranged in four twisted pairs. For 10/100 Mbps connections, only four wires (two pairs) are actually used, leaving the other four wires available.
What many people don't realize is that you need a pair of Ethernet splitters for the setup to work correctly:
- The first splitter connects to your router and splits the signal into two cables
- These two cables run to your second location
- The second splitter reconnects these cables to provide two separate Ethernet ports
This arrangement uses the normally unused wire pairs to carry the second signal. It's like creating two separate highways on a single road by using lanes that would otherwise be empty.
Pros and Cons of Ethernet Splitters
Pros:
- Inexpensive solution (usually under $15 for a pair)
- No power required to operate
- Reduces cable clutter when running wires between rooms
- Simple to install with no configuration needed
Cons:
- Limited to only two devices
- Reduces network speed (maximum 100 Mbps even with Cat5e or better cables)
- Both connected devices must share the available bandwidth
- Won't work with gigabit Ethernet connections
An Ethernet splitter adapter can be convenient for temporary setups or situations where speed isn't critical. However, you'll need a different solution for high-speed connections or connecting more than two devices. Learn more about how different Ethernet cables affect internet speed.
What Is an Ethernet Switch?
An Ethernet switch is a smart networking device that connects multiple devices on a local area network. Unlike the passive splitter, an Ethernet switch actively manages network traffic, directing data packets only to the specific devices that need to receive them.
Modern Ethernet switches come in various sizes, typically offering 4, 8, 16, or more ports. They're the backbone of most home and office networks, allowing multiple computers, printers, smart TVs, and other devices to communicate efficiently. For organized connectivity, pair your switch with our 24-port Cat6 patch panel.
How Does an Ethernet Switch Work?
What does an Ethernet switch do exactly? It works by using intelligent packet switching technology. When data arrives at the switch, it examines the destination MAC address in each data packet and forwards it only to the port where the intended recipient is connected.
This targeted delivery method is much more efficient than older technologies like hubs that broadcast all data to every connected device. Switches create temporary, direct connections between sending and receiving devices, allowing for:
- Full-duplex communication (simultaneous sending and receiving)
- Dedicated bandwidth for each connection
- Minimal network congestion
- Better security since data isn't broadcast to all devices
How do Ethernet switches work so efficiently? They maintain an internal table that maps MAC addresses to physical ports, learning which devices are connected to each port by analyzing the source addresses of incoming traffic.
Pros and Cons of Ethernet Switches
Pros:
- Supports multiple devices (from 4 to 48+ ports, depending on model)
- Maintains full network speeds (including gigabit connections)
- Intelligently manages traffic for maximum efficiency
- Easily scalable by adding more switches as needed
Cons:
- Requires power to operate
- More expensive than splitters (starting around $15-20 for basic models)
- Takes up more space
- May need occasional firmware updates
For most modern networking needs, the best Ethernet switch will provide the performance and flexibility required for today's connected homes and offices. Popular options include models from brands like TP-Link, Netgear, and Cisco, with Cat6 Ethernet switch models supporting the fastest speeds.
Ethernet Splitter vs Switch: Key Differences
When comparing an Ethernet splitter vs Ethernet switch, several key differences emerge that affect which one might be right for your situation:
Speed and Performance
Ethernet Splitters:
- Reduce network speed to a maximum of 100 Mbps
- Both connected devices must share the available bandwidth
- Can create bottlenecks during heavy usage
- Do Ethernet splitters reduce speed? Yes, significantly compared to direct connections
Ethernet Switches:
- Maintain full network speeds (up to 1 Gbps or 10 Gbps)
- Each port gets dedicated bandwidth
- Support high-demand applications like streaming and gaming
- Available in gigabit Ethernet and faster versions
A switch is essential for high-speed internet connections above 100 Mbps since a gigabit Ethernet splitter doesn't exist (despite what some misleading product listings might suggest). Check out our blog on Cat6 cable bandwidth limitations to understand bandwidth limitations.
Scalability and Ports
Ethernet Splitters:
- Limited to Ethernet splitter 1 to 2 configuration
- No expansion possibilities
- Requires running new cables for additional connections
- Some products advertised as "ethernet splitter 3 way" are actually switches
Ethernet Switches:
- Available with 4, 5, 8, 16, 24, or 48+ ports
- Can be daisy-chained for additional connections
- Allows for easy network growth
- Perfect for connecting numerous devices
The difference between an Ethernet switch and a splitter becomes particularly apparent when your network grows beyond just a few devices.
Use Cases
Ethernet Splitters:
- Connecting two low-bandwidth devices in a single room
- Temporary setups where speed isn't critical
- Situations where running a second cable is difficult
- Budget-conscious basic networking
Ethernet Switches:
- Home entertainment centers (TV, gaming console, streaming device)
- Home offices with multiple computers and peripherals
- Gaming setups requiring low-latency connections
- Small businesses with numerous networked devices
For gaming specifically, the question of the best Ethernet splitter for gaming typically has a simple answer: don't use a splitter. The best Ethernet switches for gaming will provide the speed and reliability needed for modern online gaming.
Practical Applications and Use Cases
Let's explore some real-world scenarios where you might use these different networking tools:
When to Use an Ethernet Splitter
Ethernet splitters are ideal for simple, temporary, or low-bandwidth setups. Here are some practical scenarios:
- Connecting a desktop computer and printer in a guest room with limited cabling
- Setting up temporary internet access in a workshop or garage
- Reducing cable clutter in a small apartment where running multiple cables isn't practical
- Providing basic connectivity in areas where high speeds aren't necessary
Remember, to use an Ethernet splitter properly, you need a pair of them—one at each end of your connection. A high-speed Ethernet splitter might be advertised, but remember that all Ethernet splitters are limited to 100 Mbps by design.
When to Use an Ethernet Switch
Ethernet switches shine in situations requiring multiple connections and/or high speeds:
- Creating a robust home office network with computers, printers, and NAS devices
- Setting up an entertainment center with a smart TV, a gaming console, and streaming devices
- Expanding your network in a small business environment
- Supporting high-bandwidth activities like video conferencing, gaming, and 4K streaming
An Ethernet switch is straightforward: simply plug it into power, connect it to your router with one Ethernet cable, and connect your devices to the remaining ports. Modern switches are plug-and-play, requiring no additional configuration for basic operation. For small business setups, read our guide on how to set up an Ethernet network for small businesses.
Ethernet Splitter vs Switch vs Other Devices
To complete our overview, let's clarify how Ethernet splitters and switches compare to other networking devices you might encounter:
Ethernet Splitter vs Hub
While they might seem similar, an Ethernet splitter and a hub are pretty different:
- Splitters: Passive devices that physically split cable pairs
- Hubs: Active devices that broadcast all traffic to all ports
- Hubs create network collisions and are considered obsolete
- Neither is recommended for modern networks compared to switches
The Ethernet splitter vs. hub comparison typically concludes that both are less desirable than a proper switch for most applications.
Ethernet Switch vs Patch Panel
These are commonly confused but serve entirely different purposes:
- Switches: Active devices that direct network traffic between ports
- Patch panels: Passive connection points that organize cables
- Patch panels don't process or direct data
- Many networks use both: patch panels for organization, and switches for connectivity
Understanding the Ethernet switch vs patch panel distinction helps plan structured network installations.
Comparison Tables
Ethernet Splitter vs Switch - Quick Comparison
| Feature | Ethernet Splitter | Ethernet Switch |
| Maximum Devices | 2 devices only | 4-48+ devices |
| Speed | Limited to 100 Mbps | Up to 10 Gbps |
| Power Required | No | Yes |
| Price Range | $5-15 (pair) | $15-300+ |
| Setup Complexity | Simple but requires pairs | Plug and play |
| Bandwidth | Shared | Dedicated per port |
| Best Use Case | Temporary connections | Permanent networks |
Types of Ethernet Splitters
| Type | Description | Typical Use Case | Limitations |
| RJ45 Splitter | Standard Y-shaped adapter | Basic 2-device connection | 100 Mbps max speed |
| Adapter Splitter | Combines splitter with short cables | Tight spaces or desk setups | 100 Mbps max speed |
| VLAN Splitter | Uses VLAN tagging (not true splitter) | Advanced network segmentation | Requires compatible equipment |
Common Ethernet Switch Types
| Type | Ports | Speed | Features | Ideal For |
| Unmanaged | 4-24 | Up to 1 Gbps | Plug and play, no configuration | Home use, small offices |
| Managed | 8-48+ | Up to 10 Gbps | VLAN support, QoS, monitoring | Businesses, power users |
| PoE (Power over Ethernet) | 4-48 | Up to 10 Gbps | Powers devices via Ethernet | IP cameras, phones, AP |
| Gaming | 4-8 | Up to 2.5 Gbps | QoS for gaming traffic | Gaming setups |
Conclusion
Your specific networking needs will determine your choice between an Ethernet splitter and a switch. An Ethernet switch is the clear winner for most modern homes and offices, providing superior speed, flexibility, and room for growth.
Ethernet splitters have their place in particular scenarios, like temporary setups or operating additional cables is impractical. Still, their significant speed limitations make them unsuitable for today's bandwidth-intensive applications.
If you're looking to expand your network, invest in a quality Ethernet switch. The slightly higher initial cost will be quickly offset by the benefits of faster speeds, support for multiple devices, and a future-proof network that can handle anything from casual web browsing to intensive gaming or 4K streaming. For optimal performance, pair your switch with our Cat6a bulk cables or Cat6 keystone jacks.
Remember, your network is only as strong as its weakest link. Choose the right tools to ensure your connected devices perform at their best!
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I get an Ethernet switch or splitter?
Get an Ethernet switch to connect multiple devices while maintaining full speed or use bandwidth-intensive applications like gaming or streaming. Choose a splitter only for temporary, basic connections where speed isn't critical and you only need to connect two devices.
What are the downsides of Ethernet splitters?
The main downsides of Ethernet splitters are speed limitations (maximum 100 Mbps), the requirement to use them in pairs, support for only two devices, and incompatibility with gigabit networks. They also force both connected devices to share the available bandwidth.
Do Ethernet splitters reduce speed?
Yes, Ethernet splitters always reduce network speed to a maximum of 100 Mbps, even when used with faster cables like Cat5e or Cat6. This happens because they split the wire pairs that would otherwise be used for gigabit transmission.
What is the disadvantage of an Ethernet switch?
The primary disadvantages of Ethernet switches are their higher cost than splitters, electrical power requirement, larger physical footprint, and slight setup complexity. Some managed switches may also require configuration for advanced features.
Do Ethernet switches reduce speed?
No, quality Ethernet switches do not reduce speed. They maintain the full rated speed of your network (whether 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, or faster) and provide dedicated bandwidth to each connected device rather than forcing devices to share bandwidth.
Why is a switch better than a hub?
A switch is better than a hub because it directs data only to the specific device that needs it, while hubs broadcast all data to every connected device. Switches offer full-duplex communication, eliminate network collisions, provide better security, and deliver significantly higher performance.